GIFT  OF 


The 

Society  of  Automobile 

ii  * .— , 

Engineers 

29  W.  39th  St.,  New  York 


AUTOMOBILE    NOMENCLATURE 

Including  Names  of  Car  Parts  and 
Items  of  Terminology 


From  the  Report  of  the 
Nomenclature  Division,  adopted  by  the  Society,  Aug.  1,  1916 


Sept. 
1916 


N 


S.A.E.  STANDARD  AUTOMOBILE 
NOMENCLATURE 

For  several  years  there  has  been  an  insistent  demand  for  standard- 
ization of  names  of  car  parts.  Uniformity  in  the  use  of  names  and 
terminology  would  save  many  of  the  delays  common  in  parts  re- 
placement service,  and  make  for  clearness  and  brevity  in  the  use  of 
automobile  terms  generally. 

The  nomenclature  contained  in  the  following  list  was  developed 
at  a  series  of  meetings  of  engineering  and  service  representatives  of 
several  of  the  leading  automobile  manufacturers  of  America.  It 
has  been  approved  in  detail  by  the  Nomenclature  Division  of  the 
Standards  Committee,  and  has  been  passed  upon  in  turn  by  the 
Standard  Committee,  the  Council  and  adopted  by  the  members  of  the 
Society  of  Automobile  Engineers. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  to  include  in  the  list  the  more  important 
parts  throughout  the  whole  car,  bolts,  studs  and  the  like  being  indi- 
cated in  general  terms.  Body  parts  have  not  been  included  generally 
nor  parts  of  some  units  such  as  carbureter,  which  vary  so  much  in 
construction  as  to  make  anything  like  uniform  nomenclature  very 
difficult. 

Definitions  of  different  types  of  construction  have  been  included 
for  several  units  in  order  to  encourage  uniform  terminology  in  de- 
scriptions appearing  in  the  trade  press  and  in  catalogs,  as  well  as  in 
the  technical  discussions  of  the  Society.  Definitions  of  different  types 
of  bodies  are  also  included,  because  it  is  thought  that  some  authority 
should  take  action  to  make  possible  the  use  of  names  which  will  be 
understood  generally,  rather  than  those  which  are  meaningless  except 
to  persons  conversant  with  the  terminology  peculiar  to  individual 
manufacturers.  It  is  surprising  how  many  distinctly  different  types 
of  body  are  being  sold  under  the  name  "brougham,"  for  instance. 

A  scheme  of  classification  based  entirely  on  assemblies  is  imprac- 
ticable for  general  use,  on  account  of  diverse  arrangement  of  elements 
of  so-called  conventional  cars.  The  classification  adopted  is  there- 
fore based  largely  on  function. 

In  most  cases  the  names  do  not  need  defining  to  anyone  familiar 
with  automobile  construction,  especially  when  considered  in  connec- 
tion with  the  other  names  in  the  same  group. 

For  spring  nomenclature  see  sheets  49,  49xa  and  49b  in  the 
S.A.E.  Handbook.  (Reprints  furnished  upon  request.) 

GENERAL  DIVISIONS 

I  Cylinders 

II  Valves 

III  Cooling  System 

IV  Fuel  System 

V     Exhaust  System 

3 


o  t  .\  o  i 


General  Divisions — Continued 

VI  Lubrication 

VII  Ignition 

VIII  Starting  and  Lighting  Equipment 

IX  Miscellaneous  Electrical  Equipment 

X  Clutch 

XI  Transmission 

XII  Rear  Axle 

XIII  Braking  System 

XIV  Front  Axle  and  Steering 
XV  Wheels 

XVI  Frame  and  Springs 

XVII  Hoods,  Fenders  and  Shields 

XVIII  Body  and  Top 

XIX  Accessories 

DIVISION   I — CYLINDERS 

Group  1 — Cylinders 
Group  2 — Crankcase 
Group  3 — Crankshaft 
Group  4 — Starting-crank 
Group  5 — Connecting-rods 
Group  6 — Pistons 

DIVISION   II — VALVES 

Group  1 — Camshaft 
Group  2 — Valves 

DIVISION  III — COOLING  SYSTEM 

Group  1 — Fan 

Group  2 — Radiator 

Group  3 — Pump 

Group  4 — Pipes  and  Hose 

DIVISION   IV — FUEL   SYSTEM 

Group  1 — Carbureter  and  Inlet  Pipe 
Group  2 — Carbureter  Control 
Group  3 — Carbureter  Air-heater 
Group  4— Fuel  Tank 
Group  5 — Fuel  Pipes  and  Feed  System 

DIVISION  V — EXHAUST  SYSTEM 

Group  1 — Exhaust  Manifold 

Group  2— Exhaust  Pipe  and  Muffler 

DIVISION  VI — LUBRICATION   SYSTEM 

Group  1 — Oil  Pan  or  Reservoir 

Group  2 — Oil  Pump 

Group  3 — Oil  Pipes,  Strainers,  Gages 

DIVISION  VII — IGNITION 

Group  1 — Spark-plugs,  Cables  and  Switches 
Group  2 — Ignition  Distributor 
Group  3 — Magneto 
Group  4 — Ignition  Control 

4 


DIVISION  VIII — STARTING  AND  LIGHTING  EQUIPMENT 

Group  1 — Generator 
Group  2 — Starting  Motor 
Group  3 — Wiring 
Group  4 — Battery 

DIVISION   IX — MISCELLANEOUS  ELECTRICAL  EQUIPMENT 

Group  1 — Lamps  and  Wiring 

Group  2 — Switches  and  Instruments 

Group  3 — Horn 

Group  4 — Miscellaneous 


DIVISION  X — CLUTCH 


Group  1 — Clutching  Parts 

Cone  Clutch 

Disk  Clutch 

Plate  Clutch 
Group  2 — Releasing  Parts 

DIVISION  XI — TRANSMISSION 

Group  1 — Transmission 
Group  2 — Shifting  Mechanism 
Group  3 — Control 
Group  4 — Propeller-shaft 

DIVISION   XII — REAR  AXLE 

Group  1 — Housing 

Group  2 — Torque-arm  and  Radius-rod 

Group  3 — Drive  Pinion 

Group  4 — Differential 

Group  5— Axle  Shafts 

DIVISION    XIII — BRAKES 

Group  1 — Outer  Brake 

Group  2 — Inner  Brake 

Group  3 — Pedal  (or  outer)   Brake  Control 

Group  4 — Hand  (or  inner)  Brake  Control 

DIVISION   XIV — FRONT  AXLE  AND  STEERING 

Group  1 — Axle  Center 

Group  2 — ^Steering-knuckles 

Group  3 — Steering-rods 

Group  4 — Steering-gear 

DIVISION  XV — WHEELS 

Group  1 — Front  Wheels 
Group  2— Rear  Wheels 


DIVISION   XVI — FRAME   AND    SPRINGS 

Group  1 — Frame 

Group  2 — Frame  Brackets  and  Sockets 

Group  3 — Front  Springs 

Group  4 — Rear  Springs 

DIVISION  XVII — HOOD,  FENDERS  AND  SHIELDS 

Group  1 — Hood 

Group  2 — Engine  Shield 

Group  3 — Fenders  and  Running-boards 

Group  4 — Windshield 

DIVISION  XVIII — BODY 

Group  1 — Floor-boards  and  Dash 
Group  2 — Body 
Group  3 — Upholstering 
Group  4 — Top 

DIVISION   XIX — ACCESSORIES 

Group  1 — Speedometer 
Group  2 — Tire-pump 

GENERAL 

Where  terms  "front"  and  "rear"  are  used,  "front"  should  always 
be  toward  the  front  end  of  the  car.  These  terms  are  sometimes  con- 
fused in  regard  to  parts  that  are  mounted  on  the  dash.  The  front 
side  of  the  dash  is  alwayte  that  next  the  engine. 

Where  parts  are  numbered,  No.  1  should  be  toward  the  front  of 
the  car.  For  instance,  No.  1  cylinder  is  the  one  nearest  the  radiator 
(in  conventional  construction). 

"Right"  and  "left"  are  to  the  right-  and  left-hands  when  sitting  in 
one  of  the  seats  of  the  car. 

Studs,  screws  and  bolts  shall  take  names  from  parts  they  serve  to 
hold  in  place,  although  they  are  assembled  with  other  parts.  For 
example,  the  cylinder  stud  is  permanently  screwed  into  crankcase  but 
holds  the  cylinder  in  place. 

The  name  "engine"  should  be  used  rather  than  "motor"  to  avoid 
confusion  with  electric  motors  and  to  secure  a  lower  freight  rate. 

DIVISION    I — CYLINDERS 

Group  1~  Cylinders 
Cylinder 

L-head  cylinder   (valves  on  one  side  of  cylinder) 

T-head  cylinder   (valves  on  opposite  sides  of  cylinder) 

I-head  cylinder   (valves  in  cylinder  head) 

F-head  cylinder   (one  valve  in  head,  other  on  side  directly  oper- 
ated) 

(Cast  in  block,  not  cast  en  bloc) 

(Cylinders  of  V-type  engines  should  be  numbered  IR,  IL,  2R,  etc.) 
Inlet-valve  cap 
Exhaust-valve  cap 

6 


Group  1 — Cylinders — Continued 

Valve-cap  gasket 
Cylinder-head 

Cylinder-head  gasket 

Cylinder-head  plug 

Water-jacket  top  cover 

Water-jacket  top  cover  gasket 

Water-jacket  side  (or  front  or  rear)  cover 

Valve-spring  cover 

Valve-spring-cover  casket 

Valve-spring-cover  stud 

Valve-stem  guide 

Priming-cup 
Group  2 — Crankcase 

Crankcase 

Barrel-type  crankcase 

Split-type  crankcase  (split  horizontally,  at  or  near  center  line  of 
crarikshaft) 

Crankcase  upper  half 

Crankcase  lower  half  (used  only  when  the  lower  half  contains  bear- 
ings. A  crankcase  of  either  barrel  or  split  type,  in  which  all  the 
bearings  are  mounted  directly  on  the  part  to  which  the  cylinders 
are  attached,  is  called  a  "crankcase,"  the  terms  "upper  half"  and 
"lower  half"  not  being  used) 

Oil-pan    (used  for  lower  part  of  split-type  or  barrel-type  crankcase, 
whether  this  serves  as  an  oil  reservoir  or  not) 

Oil-pan  drain-cock  (or  -plug) 

Breather 

Oil-pan  gasket 

"Bushing"  instead  of  "bearing"  for  removable  and  renewable  lin- 
ing used  in  a  plain  bearing. 

Crankshaft  front  bearing  bushing  (upper  half  and  lower  half) 

Crankshaft  front  bearing  cap 

Crankshaft  front  bushing  support  (sometimes  used  in  barrel-type 
crankcase) 

Crankshaft  rear  bearing  bushing 

Crankshaft  rear  bearing  shims   (other  shims  accordingly) 

Crankshaft  center  bearing  bushing  (if  only  three  bearings  or  if  all 
except  end  bearings  are  alike) 

Crankshaft  second  bearing  bushing,  etc.  (if  more  than  three  bear- 
ings, for  example,  front  bearing,  second  bearing,  third  bearing, 
fourth  bearing,  rear  bearing) 

Hand-hole  cover 

Hand-hole-cover  gasket 

Timing-gear  cover 

Timing-gear-cover  gasket 

Flywheel  housing 

Generator  bracket  (other  brackets  take  name  of  part  supported) 


Group  3 — Crankshaft 

Crankshaft 

Flywheel 

Crankshaft  timing-gear    (or  sprocket) 

Crankshaft  timing-gear  key 

Flywheel  starter-gear 

Crankshaft  starter-sprocket 

Flywheel  studs 

Clutch-spring  stud 

Crankshaft  starting  jaw  (or  pin) 
Group  4 — Starting-crank 

Starting-crank 

Starting-crank  jaw 

Starting-crank  shaft 

Starting-crank  handle 

Starting-crank-handle  pin 
Group  5 — Connecting-rods 

Connecting-rod 

Straight  connecting-rod  ) 

Forked  connecting-rod     )    V-tvPe  en^ine 

Connecting-rod  cap 

Connecting-rod  bushing  (upper  half  and  lower  half) 

Connecting-rod  cap  stud   (or  bolt) 

Connecting-rod  cap  nut 

Connecting-rod  bearing  shims 

Connecting-rod  dipper 

Piston-pin  bushing 
Group  6 — Pistons 

Piston 

Piston-pin 

Piston-pin  lock-screw  (in  connecting-rod  or  piston) 

Piston-ring 

Piston-ring  groove 


DIVISION  II — VALVES 

Group  1 — Camshaft 
Camshaft 

Eccentric  shaft  (Knight  engine) 
Camshaft  timing-gear 
Camshaft  timing-gear  key 
Camshaft  idler  gear 
Camshaft  oil-pump  gear 
Camshaft  ignition-distributor  gear 
Exhast  cam 
Inlet  cam 
Oil-pump  eccentric  (or  cam) 

8 


Group  2 — Valves 

Valves  should  be  numbered  1  Ex,  1  In,  2  Ex,  2  In,  etc.,  according  to 

the  number   of   the   cylinder.     On   V-type  engines  the   numbers 

should  be  1  REx,  1  LEx,  etc. 
Poppet  valve 
Inlet  valve 
Exhaust  valve 
Valve-spring 
Valve-spring  retainer 
Valve-spring  retainer  lock 
Valve-lifter 
Valve-lifter  guide 
Valve-lifter-guide  clamp 
Valve-lifter  roller 
Valve-lifter-roller  pin 
Valve  adjusting  screw 
Valve  adjusting  screw  nut 
Valve-rocker   (either  at  cam  or  at  overhead  valve;  if  both,  upper 

and  lower) 
Valve  push-rod    (intermediate  between  lifter  and  valve  in   I-head 

engine) 

DIVISION  III — COOLING  SYSTEM 
Group  1 — Fan 

Fan 

Stationary  fan  support 

Adjustable  fan  support 

Fan  hub 

Fan-blades 

Fan  pulley 

Fan-belt 

Fan  driving  pulley 
Group  2 — Radiator 

Radiator  core 

Radiator  shell 

Radiator  upper  tank 

Radiator  right  side 

Radiator  left  side 

Radiator  lower  tank 

Radiator  filler-cap 

Radiator  strainer 

Radiator  drain-cock 
Group  3 — Pump 

Water-pump 

Water-pump  impeller 

Water-pump-impeller  key 

Water-pump  body   (in  case  of  doubt,  body  is  member  mounted  on 
engine) 

Water-pump  cover 

9 


Group  3 — Pump — Continued 

Water-pump  shaft 

Water-pump  gland  (part  in  contact  with  packing,  whether  threaded 
or  not) 

Water-pump-gland  nut  (or  screw,  or  other  part  used  to  compress 
gland) 

Water-pump  shaft  gear 
Group  4 — Pipes  and  Hose 

Engine  water  outlet 

Engine  water  inlet 

Radiator  hose  (upper  and  lower) 

Radiator  water  fitting  (upper  and  lower) 

Water-pump  outlet  pipe 

DIVISION    IV — FUEL    SY^EM 

Group  1 — Carbureter  and  Inlet  Pipe 

Carbureter 

Inlet  manifold  (more  than  one  connection  to  cylinder) 

Inlet  pipe  (only  one  connection  to  cylinder) 

Inlet  manifold  or  pipe  gaskets  (at  cylinders) 

Carbureter  gasket. 
Group  2 — Carbureter  Control 

(Throttle  control  rods  will  take  names  from  parts  they  connect, 
shafts  by  location  or  arrangement,  and  brackets  by  parts  they 
support) 

Accelerator  pedal 

Accelerator  pedal  bracket 

Accelerator  pedal  pin 

Accelerator  pedal  rod 

Accelerator  pedal  rod-end  pin 

Carbureter  mixture  hand-regulator 

Carbureter  choke 
Group  3 — Carbureter  Air-heater 

Carbureter  air-heater 

Carbureter  hot-air  pipe 
Group  4— Fuel  Tank 

Fuel  tank 

Fuel  reserve  tank 

Fuel  gage 

Fuel  gage  float 

Fuel  gage  glass 

Fuel  tank  outlet  strainer 

Fuel  tank  outlet   (flange,  fitting,  etc.) 

Fuel  tank  pressure  flange    (or  fitting) 
Group  5 — Fuel  Pipes  and  Feed  Systems 

Main  fuel  valve 

Reserve  fuel  valve 

Fuel  pipe,  main  tank  to  auxiliary  tank  (or  names  of  other  parts 
connected) 

10 


Fuel  pressure-pump    (power  pump) 

Fuel  hand-pump 

Fuel  pressure-gage  pipe 

Fuel  pressure-gage  tee 

Fuel  pressure  pipe  to  tank 

Fuel  pressure-pump  pipe 

Fuel  hand-pump  pipe 

Fuel  hand-pump  tee 

Fuel  pressure  gage 

DIVISION    V — EXHAUST    SYSTEM 

Group   1 — Exhaust  Manifold 
Exhaust  manifold 
Exhaust  manifold  gasket 
Group  2 — Exhaust  Pipe  and  Muffler 

Muffler 

Exhaust  pipe  (extends  from  exhaust  manifold  to  muffler.    If  in  more 
than  one  part  name  sections  front  and  rear.     For  V-type  engines 
with  two  pipes,  name  right  and  left) 
Muffler  outlet  pipe 

DIVISION  VI — LUBRICATION   SYSTEM 

Group  1 — Oil-pan  or  Reservoir 

Oil-pan 

Oil  tank  (when  separate) 

Oil-filler  strainer 

Oil-filler  cap 
Group  2 — Oil-pump 

Oil-pump 

Oil-pump  body   (any  type  of  pump) 

Oil-pump  plunger 

Oil-pump-plunger  spring 

Oil-pump  inlet  valve 

Oil-pump  outlet  valve 

Oil-pump  shaft 

Oil-pump  shaft  gear  (outside  the  pump) 

Oil-pumping  shaft  gear  (inside  the  pump) 

Oil-pumping  follower  gear 

Oil-pump  cover 
Group   3 — Oil   Pipes,   Strainers,   Gages 

(Oil  pipes  should  be  named  from  the  parts  they  connect,  as  "Oil- 
pump   to   pressure-gage   pipe") 

Circulating-oil  strainer 

Oil  strainer  cap 

Sight  feed 

Sight-feed  glass 

Oil  level-gage 

Oil  level-gage  float 

Oil  level-gage  glass 

Oil  pressure-gage 

II 


DIVISION   VII — IGNITION 

Group  1 — Spark-plugs,  Cables  and  Switches 

Spark-plugs 

Spark-plug  cables   (numbered  according  to  cylinders) 

Coil  high-tension  cable 

(Low-tension  cables  should  be  named  from  the  parts  they  connect, 
as:  "Storage  battery  to  ignition  switch  cable."  In  case  of  more 
than  one  conductor  the  cable  should  be  designated  as  double, 
triple,  etc.) 

Ignition  coil 

Ignition  switch 

Dry  cell  (two  or  more  cells  make  a  dry  battery) 
Group  2 — Ignition  Distributor 

Ignition-distributor  breaker 

Ignition-distributor  breaker-arm 

Ignition-distributor  breaker-arm  point 

Ignition-distributor  fixed  breaker-point 

Ignition-distributor  brush 

Ignition-distributor  shaft 

Ignition-distributor  shaft  gear 
Group  3 — Magneto 

Magneto 

Magneto  distributor 

Magneto  breaker-box 

Magneto  breaker-arm 

Magneto  fixed  breaker-point 

Magneto  breaker-arm  point 

Magneto  distributor  brush 

Magneto-collector-ring  brush 

Magneto  coupling,  pump  end 

Magneto  coupling,  center  member 

Magneto  coupling,  magneto  end 
Group  4 — Ignition  Control 

Spark  control  rod   (name  parts  connected) 

(Other  control  parts  named  as  explained  under  throttle  control) 

DIVISION    VIII — STARTING    AND    LIGHTING    EQUIPMENT 

General 

A  one-unit  system  uses  a  starter-generator. 
A  two-unit  system  uses  a  generator  and  a  starting  motor. 
A  combined  unit  system  uses  a  duplex  starter-generator. 
Group  1 — Generator 
Generator 
Generator  brush 
Generator  brush-holder 
Generator  gear 
Generator  shaft 
Generator  coupling  (members  as  indicated  under  magneto  coupling) 

12 


Group  2 — Starting  Motor 

Starting  motor 

Starting-motor  brush 

Starting-motor  brush-holder 

Starting-motor  pinion 

Starting-motor  intermediate  gear 

Starting-motor  intermediate-gear    shaft 

Starting-motor  intermediate  pinion 

Overrunning  clutch 
Group  3 — Wiring 

(Cables  and  conduits  should  be  named  from  parts  they  connect) 

Starting  switch 

Starting-switch  pedal   (or  lever) 
Group  4 — Battery 

Storage  battery 

Filler  cap 

Terminal  post 

Connector  strip 


DIVISION    IX — MISCELLANEOUS   ELECTRICAL  EQUIPMENT 

Group  1 — Lamps  and  Wiring 
Head-lamp 
Tail-lamp 
Side-lamp 
Instrument  lamp 
Tonneau  lamp 
Dome  lamp 
Pillar  lamp 
Inspection  lamp 
Inspection-lamp  cord 
Inspection-lamp  plug 
Inspection-lamp  socket 
Head-lamp  socket 
Head-lamp  support 
Head-lamp  support  tie-rod 
Tail-lamp  support 

(Cables  and  conduits  should  be  named  from  the  parts  they  connect) 
Junction -box   (wires  not  attached  to  box) 
Junction-box  screw 
Junction-box  cover 
Fuse-box 
Fuse-box  cover 
Fuse-block 
Fuse-clip 

Fuse   (designated  by  name  of  part  fed  by  circuit) 
Junction  panel 

13 


Group  2 — Switches  and  Instruments 

Lighting  switch 

Ammeter 

Voltmeter 

Volt-ammeter 

Charging  indicator 

Reverse  current  cutout 

Current  regulator 
Group  3 — Horn 

(No  names  have  been  selected  for  horn  parts) 
Group  4 — Miscellaneous 

(Will  include  any  additional  electrical  equipment  such  as  electrical 
gearshift) 

DIVISION  X — CLUTCH 

General 

Plate  clutch   (one  plate  clamped  between  two  others) 
Disk  clutch  (more  than  three  disks) 
Dry  disk  clutch 
Lubricated  disk  clutch 

Cone  clutch    (leather  faced,  asbestos  faced) 
Expanding  clutch 
Group  1 — Clutching  Parts 

Cone  Clutch 
Clutch  cone 
Clutch  facing 
Clutch-facing  spring 
Clutch-facing-spring  plunger 
Clutch  spring 
Clutch  thrust-bearing 
Clutch  cone  hub 
Clutch  cone  bushing 

Clutch-spring  spider  (for  cone  clutch  with  multiple  springs) 
Clutch-spring  stud 
Clutch-spring  retainer 
Clutch-spring  nut 
Clutch  spindle 

Clutch  shaft    (not  attached   to  crankshaft) 
Clutch  shaft  bearing   (not  in  transmission  case) 

Disk  Clutch 

Clutch  case  (rotating  member) 

Clutch  housing   (non-rotating  member) 

Clutch  cover 

Clutch  housing  cover 

Clutch  driving  disk 

Clutch  driven  disk 

Clutch  driving  disk  stud 

14 


Clutch  pressure  plate   (front  and  rear,  if  two — used  on  both  disk 

and  plate  clutches) 

Clutch  driven  spider   (or  drum — driving  and  driven  if  two) 
Clutch  cork-inserts 
(Facing,  spring,  thrust-bearing,  etc.,  as  under  cone  clutch) 

Plate  Clutch 
Clutch  driven  plate 
Clutch  driving  plate 
Clutch  pressure  levers 

(Other  parts  as  under  cone  and  disk  clutches) 
Group  2 — Releasing  Parts 
Clutch  release  sleeve 

Clutch  release  shoe  or  clutch  release  bearing  housing 
Clutch  release  bearing 
Clutch  release  fork 
Clutch  release  fork  shaft 
Clutch  pedal  shaft 
Clutch  pedal  adjusting  link 
Clutch  release  fork  lever 
Clutch  pedal 
Clutch  pedal  pad 
Clutch  brake 
Clutch  brake  facing 

DIVISION    XI — TRANSMISSION 

Group  1 — Transmission 

Transmission  case   (upper  half  and  lower  half,  if  I  ear  ings  seat  in 

both) 

Transmission  case  cover 
Clutch  gear 

Clutch  gear  bearing  (front  and  rear  if  two) 
Clutch  gear  bearing  retainer 
Countershaft 

Countershaft  front  bearing   (ii  ball  or  roller) 
Countershaft  front  bearing  bushing   (if  plain  bearing) 
Countershaft  front  bearing  retainer 
Countershaft  rear  bearing  retainer 
Countershaft  drive  gear 
Countershaft  second-speed  gear 
Countershaft  low-speed  gear 
Countershaft  reverse  gear 
Reverse  idler  gear 
Reverse  idler  gear  shaft 
Reverse  idler  gear  bushing 
Transmission  shaft 
Transmission  shaft  pilot  bearing 
Transmission  shaft  pilot  bearing  bushing   (if  plain) 

15 


Group  1 — Transmission — Continued 

Transmission  shaft  rear  bearing 

Transmission  shaft  rear  bearing  retainer 

Second  and  high  sliding  gear 

Low  and  reverse  sliding  gear 
Group  2 — Shifting  Mechanism 

High-gear  shift  fork 

Low-gear  shift  fork 

Reverse  shift  fork   (if  three  are  used) 

High-gear  shift  bar 

Low-gear  shift  bar 

Reverse  shift  bar 
Group  3 — Control 

Gearshift  bar  selector 

Gearshift  lever  shaft 

Low  gearshift  connecting-rod 

High  gearshift  connecting-rod 

Gearshift  hand  lever   ("hand"  may  be  omitted) 

Gearshift  hand  lever  bracket  ("hand"  may  be  omitted) 

Gearshift  housing   (center  control) 

Gearshift  gate 
Group  4 — Propeller-shaft 

Propeller-shaft 

Propeller-shaft  front    universal-joint    (assembly — "propeller-shaft" 
may  be  omitted) 

Propeller-shaft    rear    universal-joint     (assembly — "propeller-shaft" 
may  be  omitted) 

Propeller-shaft  front  bearing   (with  enclosed  shaft) 

Transmission  shaft  universal-joint  flange    (substitute  name  of  any 
other  shaft  on  which  flange  is  mounted) 

Universal- joint  flange  yoke 

Universal- joint  slip  yoke 

Universal- joint  plain  yoke 

Universal-joint  center   cross    (ring  or   block) 

Universal- joint  bearing  bushing 

Universal- joint  pin  (may  be  designated  as  long  and  short,  straight 
and  shoulder,  etc.) 

Universal-joint  inner  casing 

Universal-joint  outer  casing 

Universal-joint  casing  packing 

Universal- joint  casing  nut 

Universal- joint  trunnion   (for  trunnion  type  joint) 

Universal-joint  trunnion  block 


16 


DIVISION   XII — REAR    AXLE 

General  Types 

Dead  Axle — An  axle  carrying  road  wheels  with  no  provision  in  the 
axle  itself  for  driving  them. 

Live  Axle — General  name  for  type  of  axle  with  concentric  driving 
shaft. 

Plain  Live  Axle — Has  shafts  supported  directly  in  bearings  at 
center  and  at  ends,  carrying  differential  and  road  wheels. 

(The  plain  live  axle  is  practically  extinct.) 

Semi-Floating  Axle — Has  differential  carried  on  separate  bearings, 
the  inner  ends  of  the  shafts  being  carried  by  the  differential  side 
gears,  and  the  outer  ends  supported  in  bearings. 

The  semi-floating  axle  shaft  carries  torsion,  bending  moment,  and 
shear.  It  also  carries  tension  and  compression  if  the  wheel  bearings 
do  not  take  thrust,  and  compression  if  they  take  thrust  in  only  one 
direction. 

Three-Quarter  Floating  Axle — Inner  ends  of  shafts  carried  as  in 
semi-floating  axle.  Outer  ends  supported  by  wheels,  which  depend  on 
shafts  for  alignment.  Only  one  bearing  is  used  in  each  wheel  hub. 

The  three-quarter  floating  axle  shaft  carries  torsion  and  the  bend- 
ing moment  imposed  by  the  wheel  on  corners  and  uneven  road  sur- 
faces. It  also  carries  tension  and  compression  if  the  wheel  bearings 
are  not  arranged  to  take  thrust. 

Full-Floating  Axle — Same  as  three-quarter  floating  axle  except 
that  each  wheel  has  two  bearings  and  does  not  depend  on  shaft  for 
alignment.  The  wheel  may  be  driven  by  a  flange  or  a  jaw  clutch. 

The  full-floating  axle  shaft  is  relieved  from  all  strains  except 
torsion,  and  in  one  possible  construction,  tension  and  compression. 

Types   of  Axle  Drive 

The  different  types  of  live  axle  can  be  driven  by  Bevel  Gear,  Spiral 
Bevel  Gear,  Worm,  Double-reduction  Gear  or  Single  Chain. 

In  other  constructions,  the  rear  wheels  are  driven  by  Double  Chains, 
Internal  Gears,  or  Jointed  Cross-shaft. 
Group  1 — Housing 

Rear-axle  housing  (if  one  piece) 

Right  and  left  halves  (if  two  pieces) 

Bevel   (or  worm)   gear  housing'    1 

Right  rear-axle  tube  V  (if  three  pieces) 

Left  rear-axle  tube  ) 

Rear-axle-housing  cover 

Differential  carrier   (bolted  to  housing) 

Rear-axle  spring-seat 

Axle  brake-shaft  bracket  (right  and  left) 

17 


Group  1 — Housing — Continued 

Wheel  brake-support,  right  and  left  ("wheel"  may  be  omitted) 

Wheel  brake-shield  ("wheel"  may  be  omitted) 
Group  2 — Torque-arm  and  Radius-rod 

Radius-rods 
Group  3 — Drive  Pinion 

Axle  drive  bevel  pinion   (or  worm) 

Axle  drive  pinion   (or  worm)    shaft 

Axle  drive  pinion  front  bearing 

Axle  drive  pinion  rear  bearing 

Axle  drive  pinion  thrust-bearing 

Axle  drive  pinion  front  bearing  adjuster 

Axle  drive  pinion  front  bearing  adjuster  lock 

Axle  drive  pinion  rear  bearing  adjuster 

Axle  drive  pinion  rear  bearing  adjuster  lock 

Axle  drive  pinion  adjusting  sleeve    (containing  both  bearings) 

Axle  drive  pinion   (or  worm)   carrier 
Group  4 — Differential 

Axle  drive  bevel  (or  worm)  gear 

Differential 

Differential  case,  right 

Differential  case,  left 

Differential  side  gear 

Differential  spider  pinion   ("spider"  may  be  omitted) 

Differential  spider  (or  pinion  shaft) 

Differential  bearing 

Differential  thrust-bearing 

Differential  bearing  adjuster 

Differential  bearing  adjuster  lock 
Group  5 — Axle  Shafts 

Axle  shaft   (right  and  left) 

Axle  shaft  wheel-flange   (or  clutch) 

DIVISION   XIII — BRAKES 

General 

In  the  following  list  of  brake  parts  the  terms  "outer"  and  "inner" 
are  used,  being  applicable  to  any  case  of  two  sets  of  brakes  on  the 
rear  wheels.  Where  the  brakes  are  external  and  internal  these  terms 
may  be  substituted  for  "outer"  and  "inner."  Where  one  brake  is 
located  at  the  wheels  and  the  other  at  the  transmission  the  terms 
"wheel  brake"  and  "transmission  brake"  should  be  substituted.  With 
other  concentric  or  side-by-side  brakes  the  terms  "outer"  and  "inner" 
should  be  retained,  "outer"  indicating  in  the  latter  case  the  ones 
nearer  the  wheels. 

The  list  is  made  up  for  external  contracting  and  internal  expand- 
ing brakes.  If  both  brakes  are  of  one  type  the  necessary  changes 
will  be  obvious.  The  designation  of  brake  parts  on  the  rear  axle 

18 


as  foot-brake  or  hand-brake  parts,  or  by  equivalent  terms,  is  too 
remote  to  be  clear,  especially  in  the  case  of  stock  axles  whose  brakes 
may  be  connected  either  way  according  to  chassis  design.  Nearly 
the  same  condition  prevails  in  regard  to  designating  parts  on  the 
chassis  according  to  whether  they  are  connected  to  the  inner  or  outer 
brakes  at  the  axle. 

The  terms  "service  brake"  and  "emergency  brake"  should  not  be 
used.     Better  designations  are  "foot  brake"   and  "hand  brake";   or 
•  if  both  brakes  foot-operated,  "right  foot-brake"  and  "left  foot-brake." 
Group  1 — Outer  Brake 

Outer  brake  band 

Outer  brake  band  lining 

Outer  brake  band  adjusting  nut    (yoke,  etc.) 

Outer  brake  hand  lever 

Outer  brake  lever  shaft 

Outer  brake  shaft  inner  end  lever 

Outer  brake  shaft  outer  end  lever 
Group  2 — Inner  Brake 

Inner  brake  shoe   (or  band) 

Inner  brake  shoe   (or  band)    lining 

Inner  brake  toggle   (link,  etc.) 

Inner  brake  toggle  lever 

Inner  brake  toggle  shaft 

Inner  brake  cam 

Inner  brake  camshaft 

Inner  brake  camshaft   (or  toggle  shaft)   lever 
Group  3 — Pedal   (or  outer)   Brake  Control 

Outer  brake  rod 

Outer  brake  rod  yoke 

Outer  brake  intermediate  shaft   (or  tube) — right  and  left 

Outer  brake  intermediate  shaft   (or  tube) — right  lever 

Outer  brake  intermediate  shaft    (or   tube) — left  lever 

Outer  brake  intermediate  shaft   (or  tube) — center  lever 

Outer  brake  right  equalizer  lever 

Outer  brake  left  equalizer  lever 

Outer  brake  equalizer 

Brake  pedal 

Brake  pedal  rod 

Brake  pedal  rod  yoke 

Brake  pedal  pad 

Brake  pedal  shaft 

Group  4 — Hand  (or  inner)  Brake  Control 
Inner  brake  rod 
Inner  brake  rod  yoke 

Inner  brake  intermediate   shaft    (or  tube) — right  and  left 
Inner  brake  intermediate  shaft   (or  tube) — right  lever 
Inner  brake  intermediate  shaft   (or  tube) — left  lever 

19 


Group  4 — Hand  (or  inner)  Brake  Control — Continued 
Inner  brake  intermediate  shaft   (or  tube) — center  lever 
Inner  brake  right  equalizer  lever 
Inner  brake  left  equalizer  lever 
Inner  brake  equalizer 
Brake  hand  lever  rod 
Brake  hand  lever  rod  yoke 
Brake  hand  lever 
Brake  lever  segment   (or  sector) 
Brake  lever  pawl 
Brake  pawl  spring 
Brake  pawl  button 
Brake  pawl  finger  lever 
Brake  pawl  rod 

DIVISION  XIV — FRONT  AXLE  AND  STEERING 

Group  1 — Axle  Center 

Front  axle  center 

Front  spring  seats 

Front  axle  bushing 
Group  2 — Steering-knuckles 

Right  steering-knuckle 

Left  steering-knuckle 

Steering-knuckle  bushing   (upper  and  lower) 

Steering-knuckle  pivot 

Steering-knuckle-pivot  nut 

Steering-knuckle  thrust-bearing 

Right  steering-knuckle  arm 

Left  steering-knuckle  arm 

Steering-knuckle  gear  rod  arm 
Group  3 — Steering-rods 

Steering-knuckle  tie-rod 

Steering-knuckle  tie-rod  end 

Steering-knuckle  tie-rod  clamp  bolt 

Steering-knuckle  tie-rod  pin 

Steering-gear  connecting-rod 
Group  4 — Steering-gear 

Steering-gear  case 

Steering-gear-case  cover 

Steering-gear  bracket 

Steering-gear  arm 

Steering-arm   shaft    (if   separate   from   sector  or   other  operating 
member) 

Steering-wheel  rim 

Steering-wheel  spider 

Steering-wheel  tube   (or  shaft) 

Spark  and  throttle  sector 

Spark  and  throttle  sector  tube 

20 


Spark  hand-lever 

Spark  hand-lever  tube  (or  rod) 

Throttle  hand-lever 

Throttle  hand-lever  tube   (or  rod) 

Steering-column  tube   (stationary) 

Steering-column  cowl  (or  dash  or  floor)  bracket 

The  various  bushings  in  the  steering-column  take  names  from 
parts  to  which  they  are  permanently  fitted,  being  further  distin- 
guished as  upper  and  lower,  inner  and  outer,  if  necessary.  Bushings 
in  the  steering-gear  case  take  names  from  the  worm  and  sector  or 
other  main  operating  parts  which  they  support,  as:  Steering-gear 
worm  upper  bushing;  although  the  steering-wheel  tube  may  be  the 
member  which  turns  inside  the  bushing. 

Steering  worm 

Steering-worm  sector  (or  gear)    ^(worm  and  sector  gear) 

Steering-worm  shaft 

DIVISION   XV — WHEELS 

Group  1— Front  Wheels 

Front  wheel  felloe 

Front  wheel  felloe  band 

Front  wheel  rim 

Rim  bolts 

Rim  clamps 

Front  wheel  hub 

Front  wheel  hub-flanges 

Front  wheel  hub-cap 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing  inner  race 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing  outer  race 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing  balls 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing  ball  retainer 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing  rollers 

Front  wheel  outer  bearing  roller   cage 

Front  wheel  inner  bearing    (parts  same  as  outer  bearing) 

Front  wheel  bearing  spacer 

Front  wheel  bearing  nut 

Front  wheel  bearing  lock  nut 

Front  wheel  bearing  locking  washer 
Group  2 — Rear  Wheels 

Rear  wheel  hub 

Rear  wheel  hub-flange 

Rear  wheel  hub-cap 

Rear  wheel  outer  bearing 

Rear  wheel  inner  bearing 

Wheel  brake-drum 

(Other  parts  named  like  front  wheel  parts) 

21 


DIVISION    XVI — FRAME    AND    SPRINGS 

Group  1 — Frame 

Frame  side  member   (right  and  left) 

Front  cross  member 

Rear  cross  member 

Center  cross  member 

(As  above  if  only  three  cross  members,  as  below  if  more  tlian  three) 

First  cross  member 

Second  cross  member,  etc. 

Sub-frame  side  member   (right  and  left) 

Sub-frame  cross  member    (front  and  rear) 

Right  rear  gusset  (upper  and  lower) 

(Gussets  at  other  cross  members  named  according  to  member) 
Group  2 — Frame  Brackets  and  Sockets 

Front  spring  front  bracket  (right  and  left) 

Front  spring  rear  bracket  (right  and  left) 

Rear  spring  front  bracket  (right  and  left) 

Rear  spring  rear  bracket  (right  and  left) 

Running-board  bracket   (front,  right,  etc.,  if  not  duplicates) 

Running-board  bracket  brace 

Engine  front  support  bracket 

Engine  rear  support  bracket 

Torque-arm  bracket 

Radius-rod  bracket 
Group  3 — Front  Springs 

Front  spring   (right  and  left) 

Front  spring  shackle 

Front  spring  shackle-bolt    (upper  and  lower) 

Front  spring  front  bolt 

Front  spring  rebound-clip 

Front  spring  seat 

Front  spring  seat  pad 

Front  spring  clip 

Front  spring  clip  plate 

Front  spring  center-bolt 
Group  4 — Rear  Springs 

Rear    springs     (upper    and    lower    for    elliptic    and    three-quarter 
elliptic) 

Rear  spring  pivot  bolt  (or  pin)"] 

Rear  spring  pivot  seat  }<for  half-elliptic  cantilever  spring) 

Rear  spring  double  shackled 

Rear  side  spring  Ufor  platform  spring) 

Cross  spring 

(Other  parts  as  for  front  springs) 


22 


DIVISION    XVII — HOOD,   FENDERS   AND   SHIELDS 

Group  1 — Hood 

Hood 

Hood  sill 

Hood  handle 

Hood  fastener 

Hood  fastener  bracket   (spring,  lever,  etc.) 
Group  2 — Engine  Shield 

Engine  shield 

Engine  shield  fastener 

Engine  shield  bracket   (spring,  etc.) 
Group  3 — Fenders  and  Running-boards 

Running-board   (right  and  left) 

Running-board  linoleum  covering 

Running-board  outside  binding 

Running-board  inside  binding 

Running-board  front  binding 

Running-board  rear  binding 

Running-board  shield   (right  and  left) 

Right  front  fender 

Left  front  fender 

Right  rear  fender 

Left  rear  fender 

Fender  support  socket 

Right  front  fender  front  support 

Right  front  fender  rear  support 

(Other  fender  supports  accordingly) 
Group  4 — Windshield 

(Names  for  windshield  parts  have  not  been  selected) 

DIVISION    XVIII — BODY 

Types  of  Bodies 

Roadster — An  open  car  seating  two  or  three.  It  may  have  addi- 
tional seats  on  running-boards  or  in  rear  deck. 

Coupelet — Seats  two  or  three.  It  has  a  folding  top  and  full-height 
doors  with  disappearing  panels  of  glass. 

Coupe — An  inside  operated,  enclosed  car  seating  two  or  three.  A 
fourth  seat  facing  backward  is  sometimes  added. 

Convertible  Coupe — A  roadster  provided  with  a  detachable  coupe  top. 

Clover  Leaf — An  open  car  seating  three  or  four.  The  rear  seat  is 
close  to  the  divided  front  seat  and  entrance  is  only  through 
doors  in  front  of  the  front  seat. 

Touring  Car — An  open  car  seating  four  or  more  with  direct  en- 
trance to  tonneau. 

Salon  Touring  Car — A  touring  car  with  passage  between  front  seats, 
with  or  without  separate  entrance  to  front  seats. 

23 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 
BERKELEY 

Return  to  desk  from  which  borrowed. 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


S 


'\pr52UJ 
I  Apr*  2Ll 

LIBRA**  USE 
JUH 


REC'D  LD 

P23'63-11AM 


OCT  241987 

AUTO.  DISC 
OCT  01  196 


NOV  |  5  1995 


LD  21-100m-9,'48(B399sl6)476 


*  Names  for  parts  in  these  groups  have  not  been  selected. 

24 


Gaylord  Bros. 
Makers 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
'  PAT.  JAN.  21, 1908 


4  Mr   ' 


YC  68269 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNI&tUBRARY  x. 


